Goremageddon
03-12-2010, 03:30 AM
The supreme fucking court said so, bitches.
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857) Blacks, whether free or slaves, cannot be U.S. citizens. Consequently, they cannot sue in federal courts. Also, slavery cannot be outlawed in the western territories before they access statehood. After the Civil War, this decision was voided by the subsequent Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896) Segregated facilities for blacks and whites are constitutional under the doctrine of separate but equal, which held for close to 60 years.
Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944) American citizens of Japanese descent can be interned and deprived of basic constitutional rights; first application of the strict scrutiny test.
Brown v. Board of Education, 344 U.S. 1 (1952), 344 U.S. 141 (1952), 347 U.S. 483 (1954), 349 U.S. 294 (1955), segregated schools in the several states are unconstitutional in violation of the 14th Amendment. Found that "The "separate but equal" doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 , has no place in the field of public education."[1]
Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954) The companion case to Brown, which held that segregated schools in the District of Columbia violated the 5th Amendment.
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) Laws that prohibit marriage between races (anti-miscegenation statutes) are unconstitutional.
Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 392 U.S. 409 (1968) The federal government may prohibit discrimination in housing by private parties under the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
Gates v. Collier, 501 F.2d 1291 (5th Cir. 1972) Brought an end to the trustee system and flagrant inmate abuse at Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman, Mississippi. It was the first case of a body of law developed in the Fifth Circuit holding that a variety of forms of corporal punishment against prisoners was considered cruel and unusual punishment and abolished racial segregation in prison.
Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978) Race based set-asides in educational opportunities violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. The decision leaves the door open to some race usage in admission decisions. See Grutter v. Bollinger.
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995) Race based discrimination, including discrimination in favor of minorities (affirmative action), is subject to strict judicial scrutiny.
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003) A narrowly tailored use of race in student admission decisions may be permissible under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, as a diverse student body is beneficial for all students (as hinted in Regents v. Bakke).
Ricci v. DeStefano, 07 U.S. 1428 (2009) Municipalities may not decline to certify the results of an otherwise fair exam merely because it would have made disproportionately more white applicants eligible for promotion.
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857) Blacks, whether free or slaves, cannot be U.S. citizens. Consequently, they cannot sue in federal courts. Also, slavery cannot be outlawed in the western territories before they access statehood. After the Civil War, this decision was voided by the subsequent Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896) Segregated facilities for blacks and whites are constitutional under the doctrine of separate but equal, which held for close to 60 years.
Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944) American citizens of Japanese descent can be interned and deprived of basic constitutional rights; first application of the strict scrutiny test.
Brown v. Board of Education, 344 U.S. 1 (1952), 344 U.S. 141 (1952), 347 U.S. 483 (1954), 349 U.S. 294 (1955), segregated schools in the several states are unconstitutional in violation of the 14th Amendment. Found that "The "separate but equal" doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 , has no place in the field of public education."[1]
Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954) The companion case to Brown, which held that segregated schools in the District of Columbia violated the 5th Amendment.
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) Laws that prohibit marriage between races (anti-miscegenation statutes) are unconstitutional.
Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 392 U.S. 409 (1968) The federal government may prohibit discrimination in housing by private parties under the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
Gates v. Collier, 501 F.2d 1291 (5th Cir. 1972) Brought an end to the trustee system and flagrant inmate abuse at Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman, Mississippi. It was the first case of a body of law developed in the Fifth Circuit holding that a variety of forms of corporal punishment against prisoners was considered cruel and unusual punishment and abolished racial segregation in prison.
Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978) Race based set-asides in educational opportunities violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. The decision leaves the door open to some race usage in admission decisions. See Grutter v. Bollinger.
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995) Race based discrimination, including discrimination in favor of minorities (affirmative action), is subject to strict judicial scrutiny.
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003) A narrowly tailored use of race in student admission decisions may be permissible under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, as a diverse student body is beneficial for all students (as hinted in Regents v. Bakke).
Ricci v. DeStefano, 07 U.S. 1428 (2009) Municipalities may not decline to certify the results of an otherwise fair exam merely because it would have made disproportionately more white applicants eligible for promotion.